Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday dedicated the implementation of three transformative criminal laws—the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (Indian Penal Code), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (Indian Criminal Procedure Code), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (Indian Evidence Act)—at a special event in Chandigarh. These laws, which came into effect nationwide on July 1, 2024, replace outdated colonial-era legislation with a more transparent, efficient, and victim-centric framework for India’s criminal justice system.
Addressing the gathering, PM Modi emphasized that the new laws are a significant step towards modernizing India’s judicial system, ensuring that justice is not only swift but also fair and accessible to all. The overhaul marks a departure from the British-era laws that have been in place for over a century, some of which were seen as ineffective and inadequate in addressing the needs of a contemporary, rapidly changing society.
“These new laws are aimed at creating a transparent and effective justice system, which will not only serve the interests of the victims but also contribute to a safer and more secure India,” Modi said. “This reform represents a major milestone in our pursuit of a just and equitable society, where every citizen feels protected, and every victim’s voice is heard.”
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860 and introduces provisions designed to make the law more relevant in the modern context, addressing emerging criminal trends such as cybercrimes, terrorism, and sexual violence. The law has also taken a victim-centric approach, ensuring that their rights are safeguarded throughout the judicial process.
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), which replaces the Indian Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), aims to streamline the legal process by introducing efficient procedures for investigation, trial, and punishment. This new framework is designed to eliminate delays, reduce the burden on courts, and ensure a quicker resolution of cases, which is particularly important in a country with an overburdened judicial system.
Finally, the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (Indian Evidence Act) has been updated to address the modern challenges of presenting and evaluating evidence, particularly in the context of digital and forensic evidence. The new act incorporates provisions to handle the complexities of emerging technology while ensuring that justice remains fair and impartial.
The implementation of these laws, PM Modi stated, would significantly improve the confidence of the people in the judicial system, making it more accountable and responsive to the needs of a diverse society. “This reform is part of our broader vision to build a new India—one that is free from outdated systems and is ready to face the challenges of the 21st century with confidence,” he added.
The Prime Minister also acknowledged the tireless efforts of legal experts, lawmakers, and the judiciary who played a vital role in drafting and bringing these reforms to life. The implementation of these laws is expected to have far-reaching impacts, making the criminal justice system more responsive, accessible, and victim-friendly.
With the country undergoing significant judicial reforms, the government remains committed to ensuring that India’s legal framework is modern, efficient, and in line with global best practices. The new laws are poised to create a more just, fair, and efficient system that will better serve the needs of all citizens, from the common man to the most marginalized.
This major step forward in India’s legal history promises a future where justice is more accessible, efficient, and responsive to the needs of the people, ensuring the rule of law and promoting a safer society for all.
